The county is named after the location of a battle in the Mexican War. At this site General Winfield Scott defeated General Santa Ana of the Mexican army on April 18, 1847. The American troop, 8,500 strong, was outnumbered by the 12,000 men who fought on the opposing side. The battle was significant because it opened the way for the United States to take Mexico City. During the battle, 63 American soldiers were killed and 431 were wounded; between 1,130 and 1,700 Mexican soldiers were killed. The Spanish translation of Cerro Gordo is "fat hill".
The first white settlers came to the county in 1851, settling at Clear Lake. The total population at the close of that year was 8. In 1853, federal surveyors laid out the county into townships and later in the same year the townships were sub-divided into sections and quarter sections.
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